Diagnosis

To diagnose cysts, gynaecologists usually perform a pelvic examination, or on an imaging test, such as a pelvic ultrasound. Depending on the size of the cyst, the specialist will recommend tests to determine its type and whether the patient needs treatment.

These include:

• Pregnancy Test
• Blood Tests
• Pelvic Ultrasound
• Laparoscopy
• Tumor Marker Tests

Treatment

Once diagnosed, an ovarian cyst can be treated via medication (usually birth control pills) or via an ovarian cystectomy surgery which can be performed laparoscopically (for smaller cysts) or through a laparotomy (open surgery – for larger, complex cysts). The type of surgery usually depends on the size, location and number of the cysts. In cases where a malignancy is suspected, an oophorectomy, i.e., the removal of the affected ovary may also be performed.

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy: During the procedure, the surgeon inserts a tiny camera with a light on the top (laparoscope) through a small incision in your abdomen. This device allows them to view reproductive and pelvic organs. The surgeon makes two other small incisions through which they remove the ovarian cyst.

Ovarian cystectomy open surgery or laparotomy: During this surgical technique, the surgeon makes one large incision in the abdomen to remove the ovarian cyst. They may choose this method if the ovarian cyst is large or if they suspect the cyst is cancerous.

Pre-surgery care

Pre surgery patients might be asked to stop taking certain medications such as blood thinners. They may also be required to fast for a few hours. The surgery is done under general anaesthesia and during the surgery – patients vitals, i.e., their heart rate, blood oxygen level and blood pressure are constantly monitored.

Post surgery care

Soon after the ovarian cystectomy surgery, the patients are monitored for complications such as infection and excessive bleeding. They are provided the necessary medications and advised on how to bathe, take care of incision, how much vaginal bleeding they can expect, when they can have sex, when they can start working out again or return to work.

The recovery depends on the patient's general health and the kind of surgery performed. Patients who undergo laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy usually recover within 1-2 weeks, and through laparotomy it takes up to 4 – 6 weeks.

Recovery

After an ovarian cystectomy surgery, it is important to follow proper postoperative care instructions to promote healing and reduce the risk of complications. This includes:

Pain Management: Pain is a common symptom after laparoscopy ovarian cystectomy. The patient may experience slight discomfort in the abdominal region, however, to manage the pain, the doctor may prescribe pain medication.

Limited Physical Activity: After the surgery, the patient is advised to limit their physical activity to reduce the risk of complications. However, it is also important to start moving around as soon as possible to prevent blood clots and other complications. The patient can start with light activities such as walking or doing gentle stretches.

Diet and Hydration: After the ovarian cystectomy surgery, the patient may experience vomiting, or constipation. To prevent these symptoms, the patient should follow a light diet that is easy to digest, such as soups, and broths, and should also drink plenty of water and other fluids to prevent dehydration.

Wound Care: It is important to keep the incisions clean and dry to prevent infection. The doctor may recommend using a sterile dressing to cover the incisions until they heal.

Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle: After ovarian cystectomy surgery, the patient should maintain a healthy lifestyle to promote healing and prevent recurrence of the cysts. This includes eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, managing stress, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

Follow-up Care: It's important for the patient to visit the hospital for follow-up care. These appointments are essential to monitor the healing process, ensure that the cysts have not returned, and address any concerns or complications. The doctor may also perform imaging tests such as ultrasounds or CT scans to monitor the patient's progress.